Utilizing building-level demand response in frequency regulation of actual microgrids

This paper presents a methods of utilizing building-level demand response in microgrid frequency regulation. Based on an in-depth study of building loads, a bi-level framework of building demand response control is presented to determine the controllability and demand response participation timescale of different loads. Based on this framework, the internal control scheme of buildings is presented in analogy to negative generators. The contribution of building-level demand response to microgrid frequency regulation is discussed in details. The large power loss on transmission lines in microgrids is considered, and the heterogeneity among buildings in their contribution to system frequency deviation is discussed. A test case is studied to prove the efficacy of building-level demand response in microgrid frequency regulation, and the advantage of building-level demand response over single-load demand response.