A Modified Nonlinear Chirp Scaling Algorithm for Spaceborne/Stationary Bistatic SAR Based on Series Reversion

This paper proposes a method of focusing the bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (BiSAR) data in spaceborne/stationary configuration. The key problem for imaging is the space variance of Doppler phase. The stationary platform induces additional and different range offsets to the range migration of targets. It causes targets with the same Doppler history, which are determined only by the moving platform, to shift into different bistatic range cells in the echo data. Therefore, the processing is not the same as monostatic SAR imaging which can be fast performed by the uniform matched-filter function in the frequency domain. In this paper, a modified nonlinear chirp scaling (NLCS) algorithm based on series reversion is formulated, which could achieve different range cell migration correction and the equalization of effective range and azimuth frequency modulation rates. The proposed algorithm is validated by simulated and real BiSAR data. In the spaceborne/stationary BiSAR experiment, the YaoGan-1 (an L-band spaceborne SAR system launched by China) is selected as the transmitter, and the stationary receiver is mounted on top of a tall building. The results show that modified NLCS algorithm can effectively focus BiSAR data with serious space variance in spaceborne/stationary configuration.