Assessing the viability of electric vehicle technologies for UK fleet operators

UK greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are mandated by law to be 80% lower in 2050 than in 1990. In an effort to reduce transport emissions, vehicle manufacturers have recently introduced new electric vehicle technologies to the UK market. A number of empirical studies have shown that consumer attitudinal barriers are inhibiting the adoption of new vehicle technologies. This study was established to develop software tools that could be used to minimise these barriers. Four dynamic models were developed to examine vehicle CO₂ emissions, all electric vehicle range, factors that determine vehicle energy requirements and vehicle cost of ownership. Seven vehicles representing diesel, battery only electric vehicles and range extended electric vehicle technologies were compared using the software tools. The results of the study show that relatively simple models, based on standard office spreadsheet software, can be used to demonstrate the significant CO₂ emissions reduction possible with electric vehicles and that vehicle range is largely determined by the charging infrastructure. The results also suggest that the higher purchase price for these technologies may be recovered based on the fuel cost savings, congestion charge savings and potential higher retained value at end of life. The models also have the potential to demonstrate the impact of auxiliary loads, payload and battery charger efficiency on the vehicles fuel consumption.