Phenomenology of Doppler forward scatter radar for surface targets observation

In this study, the forward scatter Doppler phase signature formation is analysed to show the rationale for the forward scatter radar in the true sense of the meaning, where a target actually crosses the baseline; so the advantage of the main shadow lobe is taken and, therefore a forward scatter effect occurs to enhance signal to clutter ratio. The modelling approach suggested is based on the consideration of the Doppler phase signature as a result of superposition of the direct path signal and the shadow radiation signal. It is shown that the target signature may be represented as a Doppler signature of a point-like target specified by its trajectory and speed, which is modulated according to forward scatter cross-section of an actual extended target specified by its silhouette at each moment of motion. The proposed model may be recommended to provide matched filtering in coherent processing. Finally, the approach is verified experimentally using calibrated targets with conductive and absorbing coating in the controlled environment and maritime targets in the real sea conditions.