Cross-layer design for wireless sensor networks: A survey

In this paper, various works that have been done in the field of cross-layer design for wireless sensor networks so far have been illustrated. This paper mainly focuses on the research works done to make the wireless sensor networks more energy-efficient. For making wireless sensor networks energy efficient, various cross-layer protocols and their enhanced versions have been introduced. One of the approach for providing energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks Orthogonal Modulation approach has been provided. A cross-layer MAC that uses the routing technique and MAC layer jointly has also been designed to make the wireless sensor networks more energy efficient. Then the problem of various sensor nodes has been gathered into one sink node using clustering technique in which nodes of similar characteristics are grouped into one. So this paper is a survey on what work has been done in cross layer design in wireless sensor networks.