A survey and performance evaluation of ad-hoc multi-hop routing protocols for static outdoor networks

This paper shows a survey of routing algorithms for ad-hoc wireless networks, which can be used in intelligent street lighting applications. The suitability of the protocols - AODV, DSDV, OLSR and DSR, which represent two main routing approaches, employed in wireless mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET): proactive and reactive, has been analyzed, based on an NS-3 simulation. In section 1, the main goals of this research are stated. In sections 2 and 3, the general routing agendas are described, as well as a short explanation of the four protocols is given. Further, we concentrate on analyzing the routing performance and predicting the "weak points" of each protocol, where a major performance degradation is assumed to be reached under a given network conditions (topology, number of nodes, mobility and nodes\´ density). In sections 4 to 6, our assumptions are tested and confirmed with the help of a network scenario modeling, implemented inside NS-3 discrete-event network simulator, where the network performance has been evaluated in a form of average throughput, one-way delay, jitter and packet loss rate (PLR) per UDP connection. Finally, we conclude, that the DSR routing protocol has best performance characteristics among the others and the particular routing approach used in DSR (the source routing with route caching [1], [2]) overcomes the rest in the test network with the given parameters. Nevertheless, for the other routing protocols (DSDV and OLSR), appropriate modifications can be made for achieving performance optimization.