Effective algorithm to minimize target FAPs during hand-in and hand-off for 3GPP-LTE femtocell network

This paper presents the 3^rd Generation Partnership Project-Long Term Evolution (3GPP-LTE) [10] HandOver (HO) administration to minimize target Femto Access Points (FAPs) list amid macro-to-femto and femto-to-femto handover. HandOver is the procedure that transfer an ongoing call from one cell to another as the users move through the coverage area of cellular system. The femtocell covers a little scope zone (15 meters to 30 meters), and subsequently, HandOver will rely on car (mobile femtocell users) or User Equipment (UE) speed to handover between macrocell-to-femtocell and femtocell-to-femtocell. During handover procedure, femto will decide cell selection using the signal strength and capacity of the target femtocell. Femto-to-Macro HO has two main failure scenario´s i.e. Too Late HO (TLH) and Too Early HO (TEH). TLH results in the Failure in Radio Link (FRL); TEH affects the Ping-Pong or FRL. In this paper, we present the handover management scheme for cognitive femtocell network to reduce target FAPs to avoid overloaded femtocells and also reduce the number of handovers.