A Frame-Level Rate Control Scheme Based on Texture and Nontexture Rate Models for High Efficiency Video Coding

In this paper, a frame-level rate control scheme is proposed based on texture and nontexture rate models for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). Due to more complicated coding structures and the adoption of new coding tools, the statistical characteristics of transform residues are significantly different depending on the depth levels of coding units (CUs) from which the residues are obtained. A new texture rate model is constructed for the transform residues, which are categorized into three types of CUs: low-, medium- and high-textured CUs. One single Laplacian probability PDF model is used for each residue category to derive a rate-quantization model. Based on the Laplacian PDF, a simplified rate model for texture bits is derived using entropy. In addition, an analytic rate model for nontexture bits is proposed, which also takes into account the different characteristics of nontexture bits occurring in various depths of CUs in HEVC. The nontexture bitrates are modeled based on the linear relation between the total nontexture data and the dominant nontexture data in each CU category. Based on the proposed rate models for the texture and nontexture bits, accurate rate control can be achieved owing to more precise rate estimation. The experimental results show that the proposed rate control scheme achieves the average PSNR with 0.44 dB higher and the average PSNR standard deviation of 0.32 point lower with the buffer status levels maintained very close to target buffer levels, compared to the conventional methods. Finally, the proposed rate control scheme remarkably outperforms the conventional schemes especially for the sequences of complex texture and large motion.