Apartment Building Electricity System Impact of Operational Electric Vehicle Charging Strategies

This paper discusses the charging of multiple plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in an apartment building, equipped with a photovoltaic (PV) system. Different charging strategies and charging power ratings are examined, which are assessed in terms of their grid impact, the self-consumption of local electricity generation, and the electric driving range. The impact of a residential building, which incorporates electric vehicle (EV) charging, on the distribution grid can be significantly reduced by using simple EV charging strategies. These strategies include complementing night-time with day-time charging, peak shaving at vehicle level, and charging the surplus of local generation. Effective results are obtained using only the knowledge of the present battery state of charge, next departure time, and the instantaneous local generation surplus. The simultaneity of the EV charging and the PV production increases. The increase in electric driving range is negligible for three-phase charging.