A Monte-Carlo approach to modeling radio propagation by ray-tracing

In this paper a Monte-Carlo approach to modeling the propagation behavior of electromagnetic waves by ray-tracing is described. Since the approximation of specular reflections does not hold, if the considered wavelength is in the same regime as the surface roughness, more sophisticated reflection and transmission models have to be taken into account. In order to achieve a Monte-Carlo integration over all field contributions, the angle of departure, the complex field amplitude, and the polarization at the point of interaction are stochastically generated using the scattered farfield as a 2D probability density function. The resulting field strength at the receiver is given by the superposition of all scattered waves and can be formulated in terms of an integral equation.