Title :
Maximum-likelihood detection in DWT domain image watermarking using Laplacian modeling
Author :
Ng, T.M. ; Garg, H.K.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore
fDate :
4/1/2005 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
Digital image watermarks can be detected in the transform domain using maximum-likelihood detection, whereby the decision threshold is obtained using the Neyman-Pearson criterion. A probability distribution function is required to correctly model the statistical behavior of the transform coefficients. Earlier work has considered modeling the discrete wavelet transform coefficients using a Gaussian distribution. Here, we introduce a Laplacian model and establish via simulation that it can result in a better performance than the Gaussian model.
Keywords :
discrete wavelet transforms; image coding; maximum likelihood detection; probability; watermarking; DWT domain; Laplacian modeling; Neyman-Pearson criterion; decision threshold; digital image watermarking; discrete wavelet transform coefficient; maximum-likelihood detection; probability distribution function; Discrete Fourier transforms; Discrete transforms; Discrete wavelet transforms; Gaussian distribution; Laplace equations; Maximum likelihood detection; Maximum likelihood estimation; Probability distribution; Robustness; Watermarking; Discrete wavelet transform; Laplacian; Neyman–Pearson; maximum-likelihood (ML) detection;
Journal_Title :
Signal Processing Letters, IEEE
DOI :
10.1109/LSP.2005.843776