Precise extraction of emitter resistance from an improved floating collector measurement

A distributed transistor model is developed which comprehensively explains the non-linear characteristics of floating collector measurements. The non-linearity is attributed to the fact that the intrinsic collector current is not zero when the collector terminal is opened. Based on this understanding, a new procedure to extract emitter resistance is proposed. Combining the measurements of forward and reverse current gains and intrinsic base sheet resistance, the ambiguity in the conventional floating collector measurement is diminished and hence the accuracy is significantly improved