We consider Amplitude Modulation (AM) systems, PhaseShift-Keying (PSK) and Amplitude-Phase-Keying (APK) systems in which each symbol can take 2
nvalues. After a systematic search of

binary convolutional codes with large values of free distance and minimal number of code words at that distance, simulations have been performed with an 8-symbol modulation system (

). For a bit error probability of less

, the saving in average power signal-signal-to-noise ratio over that required for an uncoded system with the same channel symbol rate was more than 2 dB with PSK and APK, and 1.5 dB with AM.