Title :
Human Total Cost of Ownership: The Penny Foolish Principle at Work
Author :
Zachary, Wayne ; Neville, Kelly ; Fowlkes, Jennifer ; Hoffman, Robert R.
Abstract :
Human-centered computing is about creating technologies that are intelligent in the usual sense of intelligent systems. But we also mean intelligent in the sense that they are usable versus user-hostile; useful because they´re designed on the basis of results from cognitive task analysis, so that they actually help people do things that need to be done; and understandable, in that the human can learn what the machine is doing and why. Allocating costs specifically to human-centering and cognitive systems engineering aspects of technology R&D will mitigate human-machine interaction issues and decrease training and maintenance costs, thus benefitting the service or system owner over the technology´s life time. If we follow HCC´s lead in defining the real costs of software systems, the procurement of technology and intelligent systems can become dollar wise
Keywords :
human computer interaction; human factors; knowledge based systems; task analysis; user centred design; cognitive systems engineering; cognitive task analysis; human cost allocation; human total cost of ownership; human-centered computing; human-machine interaction; information technology procurement; intelligent system procurement; technology R&D; Cognition; Computer industry; Costs; Humans; Industrial training; Intelligent systems; Loans and mortgages; Machine intelligence; Procurement; Weather forecasting; R&D cost; human total cost of ownership; human-centered technology; procurement; total cost of ownership;
Journal_Title :
Intelligent Systems, IEEE
DOI :
10.1109/MIS.2007.33