Ultrasonic beam steering through inhomogeneous layers with a time reversal mirror

Adaptive time delay focusing techniques allow an efficient correction of the effects due to an inhomogeneous layer close to the transducer array. If the layer is far from the array, these techniques are no longer appropriate to correct the diffraction effects between the layer and the transducer array. This problem was overcome by the use of acoustic time reversal mirrors. In this technique, the Green´s function of a dominant scatterer available in the medium is recorded in digital memories and used to focus on the scatterer in both transmit and receive modes. We present in this paper an extension of this technique to focus, in the presence of an aberrating layer, not only on the dominant scatterer, but also around it in order to image the surrounding zone. From the knowledge of the Green´s function needed to focus on the initial scatterer, we calculate the new Green´s function matched to the new point of interest. The algorithm uses the concept of time reversal propagation, and we shall present here theoretical and experimental results obtained with this technique. Finally, the knowledge of each Green´s function matched to each new desired focal point allows the realization of a B-scan image of the zone surrounding the reflector.