The kilometric faults: modeling and normalized relations for line transients and the breaker-recovery voltage

This paper presents a model for analyzing the phenomenon of kilometric faults on power lines. Closed-form expressions for the current and voltage transients along the line, as well as for the circuit breaker-recovery voltage will be derived. The distributed-parameter model results also in an expression for the rate of rise of the recovery voltage transient. The effect of the damping introduced by breaker-resistive switching is also demonstrated.