Semiconductors

The principal aim of this paper is to present the concepts associated with the electrical properties of semiconductors. Simplified ways of envisioning holes, electrons, and diode and transistor action are presented. Intrinsic or pure semiconductor material is discussed first, followed by discussions of n- and p-type material, p-n junction diodes, photodiodes, and transistors. The paper is aimed at educators who are not directly involved with semiconductor devices.