Low-Cost Laser-Based Localization System for Agricultural Machines

This paper describes the design and test of a low-cost localization system for agricultural applications, which determines a tractor position in fields up to 0.5 km with an uncertainty of about 1 m. The proposed system employs a standard unmodified laser head, which is commonly used for field leveling, plus a reference ground-fixed laser receiver and requires neither laser modulation nor expensive time-of-flight measurements of light beams