Maximum penetration level of distributed generation in consideration of voltage fluctuations based on multi-resolution model

To maintain the safe and stable operation of power system with the interconnection of distributed generation (DG), the urgent need arises to determine the maximum penetration level of DG. Voltage fluctuation, which is especially affected by the stochastic nature of renewable generation and load, has a significant impact on DG penetration. Thus in this study a two-dimensional multi-resolution model, which can demonstrate the impact of renewable generation and load on voltage fluctuation, is proposed. Then an analytical methodology based on the proposed model is presented to determine the maximum penetration level, without violating the limits of voltage fluctuation. Finally, all of them are applied to the IEEE 34 node test feeder, and simulation results show that the maximum penetration level will be lower if the stochastic variations of DG and load are more severe. Therefore the proposed method is a useful solution to the determination of DG penetration, and the multi-resolution model can greatly simplify the process of calculating and analysing.