Automobile electronics in the 1990s. Part 1: Powertrain electronics

The stringent automobile emission regulations introduced in the United States during the early 1970s meant that the all-mechanical automobile faced an uncertain future. Automotive engineers quickly adopted electronic engine control strategies as a solution to their problems. Crucial links between the automobile and electronics were quickly formed. Subsequently, the availability of inexpensive microprocessors has led to a revolution in automotive control systems. This paper, the first of two on the subject, presents an introduction to the features and capabilities of automobile electronic systems. Since the area is a vast one, the discussion is initially restricted to a description of the more commonly encountered control systems, specifically engine management and transmission control