Wind-speed dependence of small-grazing-angle microwave backscatter from sea surfaces

Results of X-band microwave backscatter from sea surfaces at a small-grazing angle for a range of wind speeds (3.8-10.3 m/s) are presented. The data indicate that the speed of faster-than-Bragg scatterers and their time-averaged polarization ratio both increase with wind speed. At a friction velocity above ~21 cm/s, super events (i.e., backscattering events where the horizontal-polarization power exceeds the vertical-polarization power) begin to appear. The fraction of fast scatterers which produce super events also increases with wind speed. The presence of super events indicates that in addition to scattering mechanisms, such as Bragg-resonant scattering, composite surface theory, wedge scattering, and specular reflection, other mechanisms which favor the horizontal-polarization returns must be considered