Ground Based High Altitude Detection Systems

Methods for detecting nuclear explosions, at about one-fourth earth-moon distances, from ground based detection systems are discussed. At such distances the detectable signals conveniently devide into direct signals, originating in the explosion vicinity, and indirect signals arising in the ionosphere as a result of absorption of so-called thermal X-rays from the incandescent nuclear device. Several different detection systems are discussed from the point of view of the signal producing mechanisms and the natural background signals with which they must compete. It is found that there are at least five different detection methods available for detecting a 10 Kt test at this range which could be integrated to become a high altitude detection station.