Title :
Is higher-order uncertainty needed?
Author :
Neapolitan, Richar E.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Comput. Sci., Northeastern Illinois Univ., Chicago, IL, USA
fDate :
5/1/1996 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
In the artificial intelligence and decision-making communities, there seems to be agreement on the calculations used in most problems that are solved using “higher-order uncertainty”, but disagreement on the terminology used. The purpose here is to show that these problems can be modeled using traditional first-order beliefs, and that, when they are modeled this way, the calculations are the same as the “higher-order” calculations, The disagreements arise because researchers rephrase first-order beliefs in various guises of higher-order uncertainty. I argue that we should stay with the traditional first-order formulations of the problems
Keywords :
uncertainty handling; artificial intelligence; decision-making; first-order beliefs; higher-order uncertainty; Ash; Frequency; Random sequences; Terminology; Uncertainty;
Journal_Title :
Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/3468.487955