Title :
Effects of interface traps and border traps on MOS postirradiation annealing response
Author :
Fleetwood, D.M. ; Warren, W.L. ; Schwank, J.R. ; Winokur, P.S. ; Shaneyfelt, M.R. ; Riewe, L.C.
Author_Institution :
Sandia Nat. Labs., Albuquerque, NM, USA
fDate :
12/1/1995 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
Threshold-voltage and charge-pumping measurements are combined to estimate densities of radiation induced bulk-oxide, interface, and border traps in transistors with soft 45-nm oxides. Immediately after irradiation, nearly all effects usually attributed to interface traps are actually due to border traps in these devices. During positive-bias anneal at 80°C, the interface-trap density grows by more than a factor of 10, and the border-trap density changes by less than 30%. The increase in interface-trap density is matched by a decrease in bulk-oxide-trap charge. This raises the possibility that slowly transporting or trapped protons in the oxide may be responsible for this effect. An alternate explanation is offered by H-cracking models. Latent “interface-trap” growth in harder 27.7-nm oxides is associated with (true) interface traps, not border traps. Switched-bias annealing of the soft 45-nm oxides reveals fast and slow border traps with different annealing responses. Trivalent Si defects associated with O vacancies in SiO2, the Eγ´ center and the O3-xSixSi· family, are excellent candidates for slow and fast border traps, respectively. For O3-xSixSi, x=0 is the Es´ defect; x=3 is the D center; and x=1 or 2 have been proposed as candidates for the “Pb1” defect on (100) Si. A hydrogen-related complex (e.g. OH-) may also be a border trap. The practical significance of these results is discussed for (1) bias-temperature instabilities in thin oxides, (2) effects of burn-in on MOS radiation response, and (3) enhanced bipolar gain degradation at low dose rates
Keywords :
MOSFET; X-ray effects; annealing; electron traps; interface states; 80 C; D center; Eγ´ center; Es´ defect; H cracking; MOS transistors; Pb1 defect; bias-temperature instabilities; bipolar gain degradation; border traps; bulk-oxide traps; burn-in; charge-pumping; hydrogen-related complex; interface traps; irradiation; proton transport; soft oxide; switched-bias annealing; threshold-voltage; trivalent Si defects; vacancies; Annealing; Charge pumps; Current measurement; Density measurement; Laboratories; MOSFETs; Measurement standards; Standards development; Threshold voltage; Voltage measurement;
Journal_Title :
Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on