• DocumentCode
    781598
  • Title

    Celebrating 75 years of Madrid-Washington telephone service

  • Author

    Yuste, Antonio Perez ; Palma, Magdalena Salazar

  • Author_Institution
    EUIT de Telecomunicacion, Univ. Politecnica de Madrid, Spain
  • Volume
    91
  • Issue
    10
  • fYear
    2003
  • Firstpage
    1738
  • Lastpage
    1742
  • Abstract
    The international telephone service between Spain and the United States was officially inaugurated on October 13, 1928. The ceremony was presided over by King Alfonso XIII of Spain and Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States, who took part in the inauguration ceremony from the cities of Madrid and Washington, respectively. Both heads of state took advantage of the occasion to exchange some cordial and warm words of greeting in the name of the Spanish and American people The beginning of this telephone service connection with the United States was considered to be the most important technological milestone achieved in the history of Spanish telecommunications until that date This communications link was possible thanks to a complex telephone circuit covering a distance of just over eight thousand kilometers in each direction. It linked both countries via France, the English Channel, England, Scotland, and the Atlantic Ocean, using all the transmission media known at that time: open-wire lines, underground cables, submarine cables and radio or "wireless" communication.
  • Keywords
    history; telephony; Atlantic Ocean; Calvin Coolidge; England; English Channel; France; King Alfonso XIII; Madrid-Washington telephone service; Scotland; Spain; Spanish telecommunications; United States; communications link; history; international telephone service; open-wire lines; radio communication; submarine cables; telephone circuit; transmission media; underground cables; wireless communication; Baseband; Circuits; Cities and towns; Communication cables; History; Oceans; Social implications of technology; Telephony; Underwater cables; Underwater communication;
  • fLanguage
    English
  • Journal_Title
    Proceedings of the IEEE
  • Publisher
    ieee
  • ISSN
    0018-9219
  • Type

    jour

  • DOI
    10.1109/JPROC.2003.817885
  • Filename
    1232203