Experience with high-output-resistance MJTC AC-DC transfer standards at high frequencies [multijunction thermal converters]

The heater-thermopile insulation of planar, thin-film, multijunction thermal converters decreases at high frequencies due to the residual conductivity of the silicon chip. This may cause a change in their intrinsic AC-DC transfer difference, as well as an interaction with the measurement circuit, resulting in increased errors of measurements. This paper discusses the sources of these errors and the methods of their reduction. It is postulated that the AC-DC transfer differences of such converters need to be explicitly defined under specific measurement conditions.