Analog-Digital Power System State Estimation Based on Information Theory—Part II: Implementation and Application

This paper is the second of a two-part series on analog-digital power system state estimation. The minimum-information-loss (MIL) method that calculates an accurate real-time power system model from a set of analog and digital measurements is implemented, applied, and validated. Two MIL implementations are proposed for both power grid and substation state estimation. The performance of the MIL method is evaluated through three tests. First, the success rate of identifying the true topology is statistically quantified for an IEEE 14-bus system and compared with state-of-the-art generalized state estimation (GSE). Then the competitive performance of the MIL method is further substantiated on two real-world test cases that involve the China Eastern power grid in China and a real substation.