Title :
A Nonlinear Mapping Approach to Stain Normalization in Digital Histopathology Images Using Image-Specific Color Deconvolution
Author :
Khan, Adnan M. ; Rajpoot, Nasir ; Treanor, Darren ; Magee, Derek
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of Warwick, Coventry, UK
Abstract :
Histopathology diagnosis is based on visual examination of the morphology of histological sections under a microscope. With the increasing popularity of digital slide scanners, decision support systems based on the analysis of digital pathology images are in high demand. However, computerized decision support systems are fraught with problems that stem from color variations in tissue appearance due to variation in tissue preparation, variation in stain reactivity from different manufacturers/batches, user or protocol variation, and the use of scanners from different manufacturers. In this paper, we present a novel approach to stain normalization in histopathology images. The method is based on nonlinear mapping of a source image to a target image using a representation derived from color deconvolution. Color deconvolution is a method to obtain stain concentration values when the stain matrix, describing how the color is affected by the stain concentration, is given. Rather than relying on standard stain matrices, which may be inappropriate for a given image, we propose the use of a color-based classifier that incorporates a novel stain color descriptor to calculate image-specific stain matrix. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed stain matrix estimation and stain normalization methods, they are applied to the problem of tumor segmentation in breast histopathology images. The experimental results suggest that the paradigm of color normalization, as a preprocessing step, can significantly help histological image analysis algorithms to demonstrate stable performance which is insensitive to imaging conditions in general and scanner variations in particular.
Keywords :
decision support systems; deconvolution; image colour analysis; medical image processing; patient diagnosis; tumours; breast histopathology; color variation; decision support systems; digital histopathology images; digital pathology images; digital slide scanners; image specific color deconvolution; nonlinear mapping approach; nonlinear source image mapping; stain concentration; stain normalization; stain reactivity; tissue appearance; tissue preparation; tumor segmentation; visual examination; Deconvolution; Estimation; Histograms; Image analysis; Image color analysis; Licenses; Training; Histopathology images analysis; nonlinear mapping; principal color histograms (PCH); stain color descriptor (SCD); stain estimation; stain normalization;
Journal_Title :
Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TBME.2014.2303294