Well-conditioned MLFMA formulation for closed PEC targets in the vicinity of a half space

The multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is applied to the problem of scattering from a closed perfect electric conductor (PEC) in the presence of a half space. The combined-field integral equation (CFIE) employs a new electric-field integral equation (EFIE) formulation, robust to a high basis-function sample rate, relative to wavelength. The new EFIE formulation is discussed, as is its implementation in the context of a CFIE MLFMA analysis for closed PEC targets. Several example results are presented, in which comparisons are made to traditional MLFMA formulations.