Title :
Double Rayleigh scattering noise in lumped and distributed Raman amplifiers
Author :
Parolari, Paola ; Marazzi, Lucia ; Bernardini, Lorenzo ; Martinelli, Mario
Author_Institution :
CoreCom, Milan, Italy
Abstract :
An improved analytical expression of the multiple path interference (MPI) induced by double Rayleigh scattered signal in fiber Raman amplifiers (FRAs), valid both for lumped and distributed FRAs, is derived with a small signal model. The expression is validated both by comparison with an exact solution and by MPI measurements on four different lumped and distributed Raman amplifiers.
Keywords :
Raman lasers; Rayleigh scattering; interference (signal); laser noise; optical crosstalk; optical fibre amplifiers; stimulated Raman scattering; analytical expression; distributed Raman amplifiers; double Rayleigh scattered signal; fiber Raman amplifiers; lumped Raman amplifiers; multiple path interference; small signal model; stimulated Raman scattering; Crosstalk; Distributed amplifiers; Optical amplifiers; Optical fiber amplifiers; Optical noise; Raman scattering; Rayleigh scattering; Signal analysis; Stimulated emission; US Department of Transportation;
Journal_Title :
Lightwave Technology, Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JLT.2003.817705
