Wideband dispersion in baseband systems

To avoid dispersion caused by an explicit λ² in either the one-way, or two-way range equations, the antenna gain product must be proportional to frequency squared. For the one-way case this is equivalent to one antenna with gain independent of frequency, and the other antenna with effective area independent of frequency. Both gain and effective area must include impedance mismatch effects. Antennas in general are examined to determine gain and effective area variation over a wide frequency band. The effects on representative short pulse waveform of systems with a gain product constant with frequency, and of systems with an effective area product constant with frequency are explored