A description and the measured performance of three coaxial beam-rotating antenna prototypes

Many high-power microwave (HPM) sources utilize an azimuthally symmetric output mode, like the TM₀₁ circular waveguide or the coaxial TEM modes. If radiated directly, these modes produce a doughnut-shaped radiation pattern, with a boresight . Mode-conversion techniques for transforming the azimuthally symmetric mode to one with a more desirable radiated pattern are possible, but mode conversion is typically undesirable, due to inefficiencies and due to increases in system size and weight. Antenna designs have been explored that will radiate the azimuthally symmetric mode directly, but those considered to date tend to exhibit low gain, and do not radiate a boresight peak (along the longitudinal axis of the source). This article describes the measured performance of three prototype antennas, all of the coaxial beam-rotating antenna (COBRA) class. These accept directly an azimuthally symmetric mode, and radiate a high-gain, circularly polarized beam with a boresight peak. The antennas achieve this capability by varying the electrical length of a path from a focal point to the aperture plane as a function of the azimuthal angle of the aperture. A brief overview of the general theory of COBRA operation is first presented. Next, measured data, characteristic of the input impedance and far-field patterns of three COBRA prototypes, are given. The architectures of COBRA prototypes reviewed in this article include those utilizing (1) a single, stepped paraboloidal reflector; (2) a dual reflector; and (3) a dual reflector with a coaxial feed.