Title :
Design of a general biquadratic filter section with only transconductances and grounded capacitors
Author :
Tan, Mehmet A. ; Schaumann, Rolf
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. Eng., Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis, MN, USA
fDate :
4/1/1988 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
A method is presented for the implementation of all stable second-order filters using only tunable transconductance elements and grounded capacitors (TGC filters). Although other voltage-to-current converters can be used, the simple four-transistor transconductance is particularly convenient because of its reduced circuitry. The synthesis technique is based on the signal-flow-graph corresponding to the state-space model of a second-order section. The approach is general and can be applied to obtain higher-order filters in the same manner, provided that the corresponding signal flow graph exists
Keywords :
active filters; graph theory; network synthesis; state-space methods; active filters; biquadratic filter section; four-transistor transconductance; grounded capacitors; higher-order filters; signal-flow-graph; stable second-order filters; state-space model; synthesis technique; tunable transconductance elements; CMOS technology; Capacitors; Circuit synthesis; Filters; Flow graphs; Laplace equations; Signal synthesis; Transconductance; Tunable circuits and devices; Voltage;
Journal_Title :
Circuits and Systems, IEEE Transactions on
