Sensitivity measurements of a passive intermodulation near-field scanner

A passive intermodulation (PIM) near-field XY scanner for the GSM900 frequency band has been constructed to localize distortion sources in antennas and in other open structures. The equipment should be able to measure distortion levels down to -115 dBm with an input power of 2/spl times/20 W, since the noise floor of a GSM900 base station is typically around -110 dBm. The sensitivity is limited either by thermal noise or by residual intermodulation distortion, depending on the probe coupling. Various causes of residual intermodulation distortion in the passive intermodulation near-field measurement are considered and evaluated. Sensitivity measurements of the scanner have been carried out on two test devices. Sensitivities of -112 dBm and -110 dBm have been achieved with an electric and a magnetic field probe, respectively.