Abstract :
With the more stringent regulations on emissions and fuel economy, global warming, and constraints on energy resources, the electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles have attracted more and more attention by automakers, governments, and customers. Research and development efforts have been focused on developing novel concepts, low-cost systems, and reliable hybrid electric powertrain. This paper reviews the state of the art of electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles. The topologies for each category and the enabling technologies are discussed
Keywords :
electric drives; electric machines; fuel cell vehicles; hybrid electric vehicles; electric drives; electric machines; energy resources; fuel cell vehicles; fuel economy; global warming; hybrid electric powertrain; hybrid electric vehicles; power electronics; Control theory; Electric machines; Fuel cell vehicles; Fuel economy; Global warming; Government; Hybrid electric vehicles; Internal combustion engines; Mechanical power transmission; Power electronics; Electric drives; electric machines; electric vehicle; fuel cell vehicles; hybrid electric vehicle (HEV); modeling; power electronics;
