Abstract :
A comprehensive study is given of smart antennas for wide-band code-division multiple access (WCDMA). It analyzes, evaluates, and presents methods and ideas for the deployment of smart antennas in WCDMA third-generation wireless systems and for future generations. Three major implementations are evaluated and analyzed in a dynamic system simulator: higher order sectorization (HOS), fixed beams (FBs) with secondary common pilot channel (S-CPICH), and FBs with primary common pilot channel (P-CPICH) as a phase reference. The system modeling integrates antenna and wave propagation modeling to evaluate and design smart antennas in wireless communications. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the impact of angular spread of various antenna configurations, the interaction and impact of radio resource management as power tuning of the common channel, scrambling code (SCO) allocation technique, and soft and softer handover algorithm. Moreover, an SCO allocation strategy and an adaptive load-dependent power-tuning algorithm of the P-CPICH are proposed. Furthermore, a signal-to-(interference plus noise) ratio derivation is given. Extensive simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the capacity gains of HOS and FB. The 12-sector sites yield the best system downlink capacity gain compared to three-sector sites equipped with a single antenna, slightly more than three-sector sites equipped with four FBs each. The six-sector sites equipped with two FBs each reduce the gap between HOS and FB systems to 10%
Keywords :
adaptive antenna arrays; broadband antennas; broadband networks; code division multiple access; electromagnetic wave propagation; radio networks; resource allocation; telecommunication network management; wireless channels; HOS; S-CPICH; SCO allocation technique; WCDMA radio network; adaptive load-dependent power-tuning algorithm; dynamic system simulator; higher order sectorization; radio resource management; scrambling code; secondary common pilot channel; smart antenna; wave propagation model; wideband code-division multiple access; Algorithm design and analysis; Analytical models; Antennas and propagation; Broadband antennas; Multiaccess communication; Power system modeling; Radio network; Resource management; Signal to noise ratio; Wireless communication; Angular spread; P-CPICH and S-CPICH as phase reference; antenna configuration; fixed beams; higher order sectorization; pilots tuning; propagation modeling; radio resource management; scrambling code allocation; system performance; wide-band code-division multiple access (WCDMA);
