Calculation of forces and stresses on generator end-windings. I. Forces

A method to calculate electromagnetic forces on the stator end-windings of generators has been developed and applied to a 1000 MW two-pole generator. The method deals with both transient and steady-state forces using identical specifications of currents and flux densities as instantaneous quantities. The principal features of the method are illustrated by applying it to three-phase terminal short-circuit and rated-load conditions on the 1000 MW two-pole generator. Illustrations and associated descriptions give good insight into forces as an aid to the design of the end-winding support structure. Harmonic analysis of time distributions of forces confirm that, during the early stages of a fault, the 50 Hz component is the domain component, but the 100 Hz component is dominant on steady-state loads