Title :
Data hiding in halftone images with noise-balanced error diffusion
Author :
Pei, Soo-Chang ; Guo, Jing-Ming
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taiwan
Abstract :
In this letter, we propose a low-complexity algorithm for embedding watermarks into two or more error-diffused images. The first one is only a regular error-diffused image, and the others are achieved by applying the proposed noise-balanced error diffusion technique (NBEDF) to the original gray-level image. The visual decoding pattern can be perceived when these two or more similar error-diffused images are overlaid each other. Furthermore, with the proposed modified version of NBEDF, the two halftone images can be made from two totally different gray-tone images and still provide a clear and sharp visual decoding pattern.
Keywords :
computational complexity; data encapsulation; decoding; watermarking; data hiding; digital watermarking; error-diffused images; gray-level image; gray-tone images; halftone images; low-complexity algorithm; noise-balanced error diffusion; visual decoding pattern; watermarks; Computational complexity; Computer errors; Data encapsulation; Decoding; Ink; Least squares methods; Printing; Protection; Stochastic processes; Watermarking;
Journal_Title :
Signal Processing Letters, IEEE
DOI :
10.1109/LSP.2003.817856