Impulse and Alternating Current Tests on Grounding Electrodes in Soil Environment

This paper describes electrical tests performed and gives experimental data on grounding electrodes in a soil environment. The tests were conducted with alternating currents of high magnitude, short duration and of low magnitude, long duration and also with impulse currents. The grounding electrodes included galvanized steel and copper-jacketed steel, single and multiple rods, pole bottom ground plates, concrete encased conductors and concentric neutral conductor of primary underground cables.