Measurement and calibration of a universal six-port network analyzer

A general theory of measuring multiport networks is presented. In order to measure microwave multiport networks conveniently a method involving the stepwise reduction of the order of the network under test is suggested. All formulas for calibrating and measuring the triple six-port network analyzer, which is a universal six-port network analyzer, are given without any ambiguity. The procedures for calibration and measurement are very simple. No standard three-port network is needed to calibrate the six-port system. Finally, the error caused by nonideal isolation is discussed.<>