Title :
Spatial-Mode Discrimination in Guided and Antiguided Arrays of Long-Wavelength VCSELs
Author :
Czyszanowski, T. ; Sarzala, R.P. ; Dems, M. ; Walczak, J. ; Wasiak, M. ; Nakwaski, Wlodzimierz ; Iakovlev, V. ; Volet, Nicolas ; Kapon, Eli
Author_Institution :
Photonics Group, Lodz Univ. of Technol., Lodz, Poland
Abstract :
Three means of optical confinement imposed on InAlGaAs/InP 1.3 μm VCSEL arrays are investigated with self-consistent numerical model of laser operation. Laterally patterned tunnel junction (TJ), in-build guiding realized with air-gap patterning, and antiguiding schemes are investigated and optimized to achieve single-mode operation. The analysis shows that mode discrimination in laterally patterned TJ is very responsive to the injected current, the air-gap patterning reduces influence of the working conditions and supports multimode operation, and finally, antiguiding schemes provide single-mode operation for prescribed geometrical design.
Keywords :
III-V semiconductors; aluminium compounds; gallium arsenide; indium compounds; laser cavity resonators; laser modes; numerical analysis; quantum well lasers; semiconductor laser arrays; surface emitting lasers; waveguide lasers; InAlGaAs-InP; VCSEL arrays; air-gap patterning; antiguided arrays; antiguiding scheme; geometrical design; guided arrays; injected current; laser operation; laterally patterned tunnel junction; long-wavelength VCSEL; multimode operation; optical confinement; self-consistent numerical model; single-mode operation; spatial-mode discrimination; vertical cavity surface emitting laser; wavelength 1.3 mum; Laser modes; Optical arrays; Optical reflection; Refractive index; Stimulated emission; Temperature distribution; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers; Laser arrays transverse optical modes; vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs);
Journal_Title :
Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JSTQE.2013.2251324
