Abstract :
Billions of dollars spent on defeating improvised explosive devices are beginning to show what technology can and cannot do for the evolving struggle. The U.S. military has responded with the most intensive program of technology development in at least a decade. It has spent US $12.4 billion over the past three years on counter-IED equipment, technology R&D, training, and other measures through the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization and its predecessors.
