Integrated analysis of demand-side programs

A case study of residential appliance efficiency standards in the Nevada Power Company service territory is used to illustrate an integrated method for evaluating the load shape and economic impacts of demand side utility programs. The method consists of four models developed at the Lawrence Berkeley Labs: a residential energy demand model, the DOE-2 building energy analysis model, a residential hourly load and peak demand model, and a utility financial impact model. Load impacts are modeled from the bottom up with end-use energy and hourly demand models. Benefits are calculated with the aid of a production cost model and methods adapted from avoided cost offers to cogenerators and small power producers. The analysis of avoided production costs explicitly considers perturbations in future supply plans resulting from demand-side load modifications. Utility and social costs are compared to the benefits of appliance standards