Algorithm comparison for high impedance fault detection based on staged fault test

Four high-impedance fault-detection algorithms-proportional relaying, ratio ground relaying, second-order harmonic current relaying, and third-order harmonic current relaying-were simulated by mathematical models. Relaying performances using staged fault data were then compared. Results of the fault data processing were used to distinguish the detection characteristics: fault identification, stability, threshold setting adaptability, transient recovery characteristic, and availability. The operations of a ground overcurrent relay and a ratio ground relay were also checked in the test. The results can be used as a reference for the development of a reliable high-impedance fault detector