On the resonant properties of the Koch fractal and other wire monopole antennas

The Koch fractal monopole antenna has been shown to exhibit a lower resonant frequency than a simple Euclidean monopole having the same overall height. The performance properties of the Koch fractal monopole have primarily been attributed to its fractal geometry. Here, the performance properties of the Koch fractal monopole, normal mode helix, and two meander line configurations are considered. While the resonant frequency of these antennas is a function of both the antenna´s geometry and total wire length, it is demonstrated that when these antennas are made to be resonant at the same frequency, they essentially exhibit the same performance characteristics independent of the differences in their geometry and total wire length. It is demonstrated that the electromagnetic behavior of the Koch fractal monopole is not uniquely defined by its geometry alone.