Title :
A wide-range logarithmic electrometer with improved accuracy and temperature stability
Author :
Ericson, M. Nance ; Falter, Kelly G. ; Rochelle, James M.
Author_Institution :
Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., TN, USA
fDate :
12/1/1992 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
A seven-decade temperature-compensated logarithmic electrometer is presented. The amplifier is designed to a dynamic range of 1 pA to 10 μA. Temperature compensation is accurately achieved by using an array of four matched monolithic bipolar transistors and straightforward postprocessing techniques. Use of this method results in <1% error over the temperature range of -18 to 71°C for the upper five decades of current. In addition, errors resulting from variable forward current emission coefficients of the logarithmic elements are eliminated. Problems associated with the temperature compensation of logarithmic amplifiers are identified and discussed. Implementation of the new temperature-compensation technique is fully described and compared with conventional methods. Experimental results and data analysis illustrating the performance of the design are presented
Keywords :
bipolar integrated circuits; compensation; data analysis; electrometers; signal processing equipment; stability; -18 to 71 degC; 1 pA to 10 muA; accuracy; calibration; compensation; data analysis; logarithmic amplifiers; matched monolithic bipolar transistors; postprocessing; temperature stability; variable forward current emission coefficients; wide-range logarithmic electrometer; Atmospheric measurements; Bipolar transistors; Current measurement; Dynamic range; Feedback; Forward contracts; Leakage current; Operational amplifiers; Stability; Temperature distribution;
Journal_Title :
Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on