TMN+IN=TINA

The modeling approach, functional architecture, and physical architecture of intelligent networks (INs) and telecommunication management networks (TMNs) are described. The description of IN focuses on management aspects of IN, which are not presently covered in CCITT. The major differences between IN and TMN-service creation aspects supported by IN but not taken into account in TMN-are also described. Advances of IN and TMN integration based on the results of the European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI) are reviewed. The integration of IN and TMN to produce the Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture (TINA) is discussed