Angle of arrival statistics for a 3-D spheroid model

In this correspondence, a three-dimensional (3-D) geometric model is considered to simultaneously describe angular arrival of multipath waves in the azimuth and elevation planes. Closed-form expressions for the probability density functions (pdfs) in the angles are provided as seen from the mobile station (MS) and base station (BS). A closed-form expression is also provided for the root mean square (rms) angular spread in the azimuth plane as seen from the BS. The model is suitable in a macro-cellular environment with a low MS antenna and an elevated base station antenna, where significant scatterers are distributed about the former.