Gain-sensitivity product-a figure of merit for hybrid-integrated filters using single operational amplifiers

It is shown that a different measure of performance must be used to evaluate hybrid-integrated active filters from that used to evaluate active filters in discrete form. Where sensitivity was previously found to be an adequate and useful measure for Q stability of discrete active filters, the gain-sensitivity product gives an accurate measure of Q stability for hybrid-integrated circuits. Where negative feedback filter schemes were found to be preferable with respect to Q stability when realized in discrete form, positive feedback schemes with their very much lower gain- sensitivity product may be preferable in hybrid-integrated filter circuits. In addition, they require low-gain amplifiers than can be used up to higher frequencies. Q-stability measurements of hybrid- integrated positive feedback, or Sallen-Key-type circuits, which were realized with tantalum thin-film resistors and capacitors combined with beam-leaded operational amplifier chips agree very accurately with the predictions derived from gain-sensitivity calculations.