Measurement of the target scattering matrix

The scattering matrix of a target generalizes the scattering properties to include a description of their dependence upon radar polarization. The matrix may be determined directly through two successive transmissions at orthogonal polarizations, with reception of each at both of the polarizations. In the laboratory, it is possible to eliminate the requirement for phase measurement by an indirect technique using successive measurements at six polarizations (five of which may be linear). In the case where results are to be applied to linearly polarized radars, it is sufficient to determine the "linear restricted matrix" by six linear measurements. Analysis is provided and measurement technology described and evaluated for both classes of indirect measurement.